STATE  OF  OHIO 
STATE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 
VOCATIONAL  AGRICULTURE 
Columbus 


An  Outline  for  Seasonal  Presentation  of 

FARM  CROPS  and  HORTICULTURE 


By 

E.  F.  Johnson 

Assistant  Professor  of  Agricultural  Education 


“Let’s  Lure  the  Lad  to  Learn” 

— Vivian 


T"!  [IP’V'KY  Cr  THE 
MAR  24  1932 
Cif-r/ifiS'Ty  hr 


1 F C H 


Bulletin  No.  2 
December,  1919 


OHIO  STATE  BOARD  OF  EDUCATION 
COLUMBUS 


Dean  Alfred  Vivian,  President 
Supt.  F.  B.  Pearson,  Secretary . 
Asst.  Supt.  A.  C.  Eldredge.  . . . 

Supt.  R.  J.  Condon 

Mrs.  Kent  W.  Hughes 

Hon.  S.  J.  McCune 

Supt.  W.  S.  Edmund 


.The  Ohio  State  University,  Columbus 
Supt.  of  Public  Instruction,  Columbus 

Cleveland 

Cincinnati 

1231  Lakewood,  Lima 

Brilliant 

Sandusky 


Organization  of  the  Department  of 
Agricultural  Education 
College  of  Agriculture 
The  Ohio  State  University 

W.  F.  Stewart,  Professor  of  Agricutural  Education  and  State  Supervisor  of 
Agricultural  Education. 

E.  F.  Johnson,  Assistant  Professor  of  Agricultural  Education  and  in  charge 

of  Training  Schools. 

Ray  Fife,  Assistant  Professor  of  Agricultural  Education  and  Assistant  State 
Supervisor. 

H.  G.  Kenestrick,  Instructor  in  Agricultural  Education. 

R.  H.  Schreiber,  Instructor  in  Agricultural  Education,  Worthington,  Ohio. 

F.  H.  McMillen,  Instructor  in  Agricultural  Education,  Hilliard,  Ohio. 

R.  D.  Kauffman,  Instructor  in  Agricultural  Education,  Canal  Winchester,  Ohio. 
H.  W.  Nisonger,  Instructor  in  Agricultural  Education,  Grove  City,  Ohio. 

J.  B.  Lane,  Instructor  in  Agricultural  Education,  Lockbourne,  Ohio. 


A WORD  TO  THE  TEACHER 


The  best  system  of  education  is  one  in  which  knowledge  is  acquired  by 
doing  and  not  merely  by  hearing.  The  pupil  learns  about  things  by  work- 
ing with  them  instead  of  by  reading  about  them  or  hearing  them  described. 
The  best  knowledge  is  that  gained  first  hand  by  observation.  In  the  past 
too  many  of  the  pupil’s  notions  regarding  even  the  common  things  of  life  have 
been  obtained  by  reading  what  some  one  else  has  said  about  them.  He  has 
been  encouraged  to  commit  to  memory  masses  of  the  ready-made,  predigested 
information  to  be  found  in  books,  without,  in  many  cases,  ever  having  seen 
the  thing  about  which  he  recites.  Nothing  could  more  effectually  destroy  the 
pupil’s  interest  than  the  deadly  monotony  of  the  usual  question  and  answer 
mode  of  recitation  based  on  the  assignment  of  certain  pages  in  the  text  book. 
Is  it  any  wonder  that  the  boy  who  had  been  used  to  this  type  of  recitation  ex- 
plained that  the  difference  between  teacher  and  pupil  was  that  “the  teacher 
had  the  book  open”?  Such  a recitation  destroys  any  originality,  curiosity, 
or  spontaneity  that  the  pupil  may  possess,  and  “the  child  who  is  naturally  an 
investigator  to  begin  with,  becomes  in  the  end  a mere  passive  recipient  of  pre- 
scribed orthodox  information.” 

Let  us  then,  first  of  all,  banish  the  text  book  for  the  recitation  period  at 
least.  In  place  of  the  question  and  answer  method  use  the  socialized  recita- 
tion or  the  informal  class  discussion  of  the  subject  under  study.  It  should 
be  remembered  that  the  vocational  student  is  expecting  to  use  information  of 
the  class-room  in  a practical  way,  and  to  be  able  to  do  so  the  information 
must  become  a part  of  himself  and  as  such  must  be  clothed  in  his  own  lan- 
guage. The  vocational  student  in  agriculture  will  have  some  background  of 
home  experience  in  connection  with  most  of  the  topics  considered  in  the 
schoolroom,  and  he  should  be  encouraged  to  present  to  the  class  that  experi- 
ence as  well  as  all  information  which  he  has  been  able  to  gather  from  other 
sources.  It  is  always  a temptation  for  the  good-natured  teacher  to  tell  his 
pupils  too  much,  but  he  should  remember  that  the  best  teacher  is  the  one 
who  teaches  least  but  who  most  induces  his  pupils  to  learn.  Certain  it  is  that 
the  pupil  retains  but  a small  part  of  what  he  is  told,  only  a little  more  of  what 
he  reads,  but  practically  never  forgets  that  which  he  does. 


3 


The  informal  class  discussion  should  be  accompanied  by  an  abundant 
use  of  illustrative  material.  Nothing  is  more  deadly  than  a recitation 
“about”  varieties  of  wheat,  for  instance,  when  the  class  might  be  working 
“with”  those  same  varieties.  Therein  lies  the  danger  of  the  old  method  of 
devoting  certain  fixed  periods  to  recitation  and  others  to  laboratory,  resulting 
often  in  there  being  very  little  correlation  between  the  classroom  work  and  the 
laboratory  exercises.  Laboratory  work  and  recitation  should  go  hand  in 
hand,  or  perhaps  it  would  be  better  to  say  that  there  should  be  no  “laboratory 
work”  in  the  ordinary  sense,  but  that  the  class  discussion  should  include  all 
the  desirable  things  which  are  usually  done  under  that  much  abused  title. 
The  main  reason  for  insisting  upon  the  daily  double  period  for  vocational  agri- 
culture was  to  prevent  this  divorcement  of  laboratory  from  recitation.  Let 
them  be  joined  together! 

The  proper  laboratories  for  the  student  of  agriculture  are  the  field  and 
the  barnyard.  The  exigencies  of  our  educational  system  are  such  that  the 
pupils  must  spend  part  of  their  time  in  the  school  building,  but  from  the 
standpoint  of  the  purely  agricultural  subjects  the  spending  of  time  in  the 
school  building  is  a thing  to  be  deplored.  The  wise  teacher  of  agriculture 
will  arrange  to  have  his  pupils  in  the  field  as  much  of  the  time  as  possible. 
The  amount  of  time  which  can  be  devoted  to  field  trips  will  differ  with  schools 
and  with  localities,  but  it  is  impossible  to  overdo  the  out-of-door  work  if  the 
trip  is  properly  planned  and  conducted.  This  kind  of  teaching  is  much 
harder  to  manage  than  is  the  indoor  recitation  and  can  easily  be  made  a com- 
plete loss  of  time,  but  in  the  hands  of  the  skillful  teacher  it  affords  the  best 
means  of  vitalizing  the  subject  matter  and  developing  observation,  originality, 
and  spontaneity  in  the  pupils.  Since  it  is  in  the  field  and  the  yard  and  the 
barn  that  the  pupil  must  apply  his  knowledge,  why  not  let  him  recite  under 
the  same  environment? 

Since  it  is  desirable,  as  far  as  possible,  to  study  the  crops  of  the  farm  in 
the  field,  it  seems  rational  to  arrange  the  work  in  farm  crops  so  as  to  fit  into 
the  normal  season  of  the  locality,  rather  than  to  follow  the  more  formal  and 
rather  illogical  sequence  of  subjects  as  found  in  the  ordinary  text  book. 
When  school  opens  in  the  fall,  for  instance,  is  a good  time  to  study  the  selec- 
tion and  storage  of  the  seed  corn  for  the  next  year.  A little  later  when  the 
farmers  of  the  locality  are  planting  wheat  seems  the  logical  time  to  begin  the 
study  of  that  important  cereal.  In  like  manner  the  other  field  operations  of 
the  fall  may  be  considered  while  those  subjects  which  lend  themselves  to  in- 


4 


29  38  TROXEL 


3 /?■  77  J 
dU3nl 


door  laboratory  work  may  be  delayed  until  the  winter  months  when  field  trips 
are  impossible  or  undesirable.  This  seasonal  presentation  of  the  plant  side  of 


agriculture  is  certainly  sound  from  the  pedagogical  viewpoint  and  makes  for 


greater  interest  and  understanding  on  the  part  of  the  students. 

The  outline  presented  herewith  is  not  intended  to  be  followed  too  liter- 
ally. It  is  largely  suggestive.  Some  teachers  will  find  it  suited  to  their 
locality  just  as  it  is,  while  others  will  make  modifications  to  suit  their  own 
needs.  If  such  an  outline  were  to  check  the  initiative  of  a teacher  who  has 
his  own  effective  way  of  doing  things  it  would  be  unfortunate,  but  even  such 


own  course.  The  main  thing  is  to  utilize  the  material  which  the  season 
furnishes  in  such  a way  that  it  will  best  function  in  educating  the  prospective 
farmer. 

Finally,  the  home  project  must  not  be  considered  as  a thing  separate  and 
apart  from  the  other  work  of  the  student.  The  project  should  be  for  each 
pupil  the  thing  around  which  his  classwork  centers.  The  teacher,  therefore, 
should  lose  no  opportunity  to  correlate  the  work  of  the  school  day  with  the 
projects  of  the  individual  students.  The  supervision  of  the  projects  is  after 
all  the  biggest  piece  of  work  that  the  teacher  of  vocational  agriculture  has  to 
do  and  much  of  the  success  of  the  teacher  must  be  measured  in  the  end  by  the 
achievement  of  his  pupils  in  their  home  projects.  Vocational  agriculture  is 
for  the  purpose  of  teaching  farming,  and  success  in  farming  is  measured  by 
achievement  on  the  farm. 


5 


EXPLANATORY  NOTE 


The  subject  matter  given  under  the  dates  September  5-September  19, 
means  that  this  amount  of  time  in  classroom,  laboratory,  and  field  can  be  de- 
voted to  the  consideration  of  the  items  there  mentioned.  Each  instructor 
should  subdivide  the  subject  matter  alloted  to  each  given  period  into  day’s 
assignments. 

It  will  be  found  very  desirable,  if  the  work  can  be  so  planned,  that  the 
assignment  for  each  day  presents  a definite  problem  rather  than  so  many 
pages  or  topics  in  some  text. 

W&W  97-107  refers  to  Wilson  and  Warburton’s  Field  Crops,  pages  97 
to  107. 

Liv  85-88  refers  to  Livingston’s  Field  Crop  Production,  pages  85  to  88. 

All  bulletins  or  publications  marked  * are  considered  especially  commend- 
able and  it  is  suggested  that  each  member  of  the  class  have  a copy  of  as  many 
of  these  as  the  instructor  considers  advisable. 

All  bulletins  and  circulars  are  experiment  station  publications  unless 
otherwise  marked. 

Bulletins  marked  U.  S.  Dept,  refer  to  United  States  Departmental  bulle- 
tins (not  U.  S.  Farmers’)  found  in  the  monthly  list  of  publications  sent  out 
by  the  Government  Printing  Office. 

The  bulletins  and  reference  books  listed  in  this  outline  are  by  no  means 
complete,  nor  is  it  expected  that  any  one  school  will  have  use  for  all.  The 
illustrative  and  laboratory  materials  mentioned  are  to  be  added  to  from  time 
to  time  by  each  instructor  to  meet  the  needs  of  his  particular  type  of  recita- 
tion and  community  needs  in  the  way  of  subject  matter. 

E.  F.  J. 


6 


FARM  CROPS  AND  HORTICULTURE 


SEASONAL  PRESENTATION  OUTLINE 

SEPTEMBER  5— SEPTEMBER  19 

Subject  Matter 

Selection  and  storage  of  seed  corn.  W&W  97-107;  Liv  85-88. 
Weeds.  W&W  493-509. 

Distribution,  evils,  means  of  control,  agencies,  etc. 
Identification  of  25-50  common  weed  plants. 

Start  collection  of  weed  seeds  for  future  laboratory  use. 

Other  Literature  and  References 
Bowman’s  Corn,  97-110. 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  60-63. 

Ohio  Publications 

*Ext.  Bui.  1.  Selection,  care,  and  storage  of  seed  corn. 

Cir.  71.  The  selection  of  seed  corn. 

Bui.  214.  A second  Ohio  weed  manual. 

U.  S.  Farmers’  Bulletins 

229.  Production  of  good  seed  corn. 

415.  Seed  corn. 

*537.  How  to  grow  an  acre  of  corn. 

*Cir.  2,  Ind.  Selection,  preservation,  and  preparation  of  seed  corn. 

Cir.  3,  Mich.  Selection,  storing,  curing,  and  testing  for  seed. 

*Bul.  139,  Minn.  Weeds.  (Plants). 

*Bul.  267,  Mich.  Weeds.  (Plants). 

*Bul.  224,  Ind.  Selection  of  disease-free  seed  corn. 

Cir.  225,  111.  Selection  and  storage  of  seed  corn. 


Class  Reports 

Effect  of  moisture  and  freezing  on  the  vitality  of  corn.  Bowman’s  Corn, 
115-119. 

Evils  which  arise  from  the  presence  of  weeds.  Shaw’s  Weeds,  13-20. 
Dispersal  of  weed  seeds.  Pammel’s  Weeds  of  farm  and  garden,  14-26. 
Agencies  concerned  in  distribution  of  weeds.  Shaw’s  40-57. 

Weeds  of  special  crops.  Pammel’s,  50-62. 

Extermination  of  weeds.  Pammel’s,  87-103. 

Poisonous  weeds.  Pammel’s  63-64. 


7 


Illustrative  and  Laboratory  Materials 

Stalks  showing  desirable  and  undesirable  height  of  ears. 

Stalks  showing  different  types  of  shanks. 

Barren  stalks. 

20-30  ears,  each  showing  an  outstanding  fault;  i.  e.,  size,  shape,  tip,  butt, 
irregular  kernels,  maturity,  color,  shallow  kernels,  large  cob,  etc. 

Several  ears  showing  approach  to  the  ideal. 

Lateral  and  longitudinal  cross-sections  of  ears. 

Shelled  samples  of  high  and  low  percent  of  corn  and  cob. 

Kernel  mounts  showing  desirable  and  undesirable  shapes,  and  why. 
Commercial  storage  forms. 

Illustrations  of  home-made  racks,  for  storage. 

Materials  for  making  few  weed  mounts. 

Weed  herbarium. 


Field  Trips 

1 —  (a)  Compare  height  of  ear  on  stalk  to  maturity. 

(b)  Secure  data  for  number  of  barren  stalks  per  acre  in  field. 

(c)  Measurements  to  show  variation  in  height  of  stalks. 

(d)  Secure  data  on  percent  of  down  stalks. 

2 —  (a)  Secure  data  to  determine  stand  and  number  of  stalks  per  acre. 

(b)  Secure  data  to  determine  average  yield  per  acre. 

(Based  on  weight  of  ears  in  several  average  hills). 

(c)  Select  10  desirable  ears. 

3 —  (a)  Select  10  ears  to  compare  with  previous  selected  lot. 

(b)  Observe  and  identify  at  least  10  weeds  common  to  corn  field. 

(c)  Collect  weed  seed  samples  from  at  least  5 weeds  and  name. 

4 —  (a)  Select  10  ears  to  compare  with  previous  selections. 

(b)  Observe  and  identify  10  weeds  common  to  grass  and  legume  crops. 

(c)  Observe  and  identify  5 weeds  common  to  road  side. 

(d)  Compare  two  corn  fields  as  to  desirability  to  seed  to  wheat. 

(e)  Continue  collection  of  weed  seeds. 

Require  the  selection  at  home  of  1 to  5 bu.  seed  corn  to  be  inspected  later 
when  stored. 


SEPTEMBER  19— OCTOBER  3 
Subject  Matter  (Wheat) 

Value  of  nitrogen,  phosphorus  and  potash.  W&W  34-40. 

Soils  and  fertilizers  for  wheat.  W&W  134-136;  Liv  127-129. 

Diseases  and  insects;  Hession  fly,  smut,  etc.  W&W  155-159;  Liv 
142-144. 

Preparation  of  seed  bed  and  seed;  time  and  rate  of  seeding.  W&W  136- 
142;  Liv  129-134. 

(Oct.  3-Oct.  10  period  on  Harvesting  Corn  may  be  moved  forward 
to  this  point  if  locality  and  season  demand  early  consideration.) 


8 


2 F C H 


Fig.  1 — The  proper  teaching  of  seed  corn  selection  should  result  in  each  boy 
selecting  desirable  seed  for  use  at  home. 


Importance  and  yield  of  wheat.  W&W  130-134;  Liv  119-123. 
Method  of  improvement.  W&W  159-162;  Liv  136-141. 
Harvesting  and  threshing.  W&W  142-147;  Liv  134-136. 
Grading  and  marketing.  W&W  147-149;  Montgomery  486-491. 

(Use  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Markets.) 

Cost  of  production.  W&W  149-152. 


Other  Literature  and  References 

Hunt’s  The  cereals  in  America,  68-92;  102-111;  121-130. 
Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  104-140;  486-491. 
Carlton’s  The  small  grains. 

Sanderson’s  Insect  pests  of  farm  and  garden. 


Ohio  Publications 


*Bul.  136. 
*Bul.  226. 
Bui.  231. 
Bui.  234. 
*Bul.  298. 
Bui.  318. 


The  Hessian  fly  in  Ohio. 

The  wheat  joint  worm. 

Composition  of  wheat. 

Flour  mill  fumigation. 

Wheat  experiments. 

Relation  of  phosphorus  and  nitrogen  in  soil  to  composition 
of  wheat. 


U.  S.  Farmers’  Bulletins 

*138.  Principal  insect  enemies  of  growing  wheat. 

132.  Breeding  for  type  of  kernel  in  wheat. 

400.  Experiments  with  Marquis  wheat. 

534.  Durum  wheat. 

*640.  The  Hessian  fly. 

678.  Growing  hard  spring  wheats. 

680.  Varieties  of  hard  spring  wheat. 

*919.  Application  of  dockage  in  the  marketing  of  wheat. 
939.  Cereal  smuts  and  the  disinfection  of  seed  grain. 
*1006.  The  wheat  joint  worm  and  its  control. 


*Cir.  12,  Kan.  Treatment  of  seed  wheat  for  smut. 

*Cir.  23,  Ind.  How  to  grow  more  and  better  wheat. 

Cir.  22,  Iowa.  The  Hessian  fly. 

Cir.  70,  Mo.  The  Hessian  fly  in  Missouri. 

Bui.  82,  Pa.  Winter  wheat  varieties. 

Bui.  85,  Minn.  Wheat  and  flour  investigations. 

Bui.  99,  S.  Dak.  Macaroni  or  Durum  wheats. 

Bui.  121,  111.  Variety  tests  of  wheat. 

Bui.  143,  Minn.  Composition  and  quality  of  spring  and  winter  wheat. 


10 


Bui.  176,  Kan.  How  to  grow  wheat  in  Kansas. 

Cir.  168,  111.  Bread  from  stones. 

Bui.  148,  Pa.  Wheat. 

Cir.  82,  Ind.  Control  of  the  three  important  wheat  pests  of  Indiana. 

Bui.  514,  U.  S.  Dept.  Wheat,  yields  per  acre  and  prices,  by  states  for  50 
years. 

Bui.  788,  U.  S.  Dept.  Moisture  in  wheat  and  mill  products. 


Class  Reports 

How  my  father  prepares  a wheat  seed  bed,  and  criticisms. 

The  loose  smut  of  wheat.  Stevens  and  Hall’s  Diseases  of  economic  plants, 
370-375. 

Hessian  fly  damage.  Sanderson,  2. 

The  Hessian  fly.  Sanderson  123-129;  (also  bulletins). 

The  wheat  maggot.  Sanderson,  132-136. 

The  wheat  joint  worm.  Sanderson,  136-142;  (also  bulletins). 

The  chinch  bug.  Sanderson,  89-93. 

Grain  weevils.  Sanderson,  186-199. 

Storage  and  elevators.  Harris  and  Stewart’s  Principles  of  agronomy, 
184-187. 

Recommended  farm  methods  for  the  control  of  insects.  Sanderson,  32-41. 
High  and  low  yields  of  wheat  of  5 farms  in  community. 

The  threshing  ring  and  threshing. 


Illustrative  and  Laboratory  Materials 

Poem,  “The  Wise  Farmer,”  by  Dean  Alfred  Vivian. 

Commercial  samples  of  wheat  fertilizers. 

Riker  mounts  of  life  cycles  of  Hessian  fly,  joint  worm,  etc. 

Riker  mounts  of  loose  and  stinking  smut,  anthracnose,  scab,  rust,  etc. 
Diseased  heads  and  wheat  samples  for  class  study. 

Formalin. 

Stalks  of  wheat  showing  Hessian  fly,  joint  worm  damages. 

Wheat  stalks  showing  rust. 

Samples  of  market  classes  of  wheat. 

Variety  samples,  especially  of  those  recommended  for  community. 

Sample  of  wheat  from  each  boy’s  home  for  analysis  work. 

Bundles  of  varieties  of  wheat. 

Bundles  and  grain  samples  of  einkorn,  speltz,  emmer,  club  wheat,  durum, 
poulard,  and  Polish  wheat. 

Bundles  of  smooth  and  awned  heads. 

Set  showing  flour  manufacturing  process  and  by-products. 

Samples  of  red  dog  flour,  bran,  middlings,  etc. 


11 


Sheet  for  recording  seeding  dates,  fertilizers,  etc.,  of  several  fields  of  wheat 
for  observation  work  during  spring. 

Mount  showing  percentage  of  good  wheat,  dirt,  inert  matter,  weed  seeds. 

etc.,  in  a local  sample  of  wheat. 

Chart  showing  wheat  kernel,  heads,  etc. 

Charts  showing  effect  of  fertilizer,  date  of  seeding,  etc. 

Liquid-preserved  heads  of  wheat  at  bloom  stage. 


Field  Trips 

5 —  Trip  to  one  farm  and  treat  wheat  for  smut. 

6 —  (a)  Identify  and  secure  weed  seed  samples  of  several  weeds  in  wheat 

and  oat  stubble  and  orchards. 

(b)  Observe  any  early  plowing  for  wheat  as  to  depth,  mulch,  etc. 

(c)  Report  on  corn  ground  preparations  observed. 

7 —  Trip  to  2-4  fields  to  observe  use  of  fertilizer,  drill,  seed  bed  prepara- 

tion, etc. 

8 —  (In  November).  Compare  fields  of  wheat  on  which  records  as  to  time 

of  seeding,  fertilizer  used,  etc.,  have  been  made.  Examine  for  pres- 
ence of  fly.  Note  conditions  of  corn  fodder  still  in  field  as  to  feed- 
ing value. 

Suggested  Laboratory  Work 

1 —  Each  pupil  separate  home  sample  into  good  seed,  broken  kernels,  weed 

seed,  smutted  kernels,  and  dirt. 

2 —  Treat  small  sample  of  wheat  for  smut. 

3 —  Prepare  graph  showing  local  relative  importance  of  wheat  crop. 

4 —  Judge  and  score  wheat. 

5 —  All  laboratory  work  should  correlate  directly  with  the  text.  The  sup- 

plies of  pressed  and  preserved  wheat  plants  and  heads  should  be  used 
when  considering  these  in  text.  The  riker  mounts  of  varieties  and 
diseases  should  be  used  when  they  are  taken  up  in  class.  Samples  of 
einkorn,  emmer,  etc.,  should  be  examined  when  classes  and  varieties 
are  considered. 

6 —  Problems  closely  related  to  day’s  work. 


12 


WmWkx 


Fig.  2 — Successful  blending  of  recitation  and  laboratory  work. 


OCTOBER  3— OCTOBER  10 


Subject  Matter 

Harvesting  corn.  W&W  77-88;  Liv  76-82. 

Other  Literature  and  References 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops — Harvesting,  80-98. 
Davis’s  Productive  plant  husbandry — Harvesting,  194-197. 
Ohio  Publications 

*Bul.  266.  Labor  cost  of  producing  corn  in  Ohio. 

Ext.  Bui.  4,  Vol.  XIV.  The  silo. 


U.  S.  Farmers’  Bulletins 

168.  Grades  of  commercial  corn. 

292.  Cost  of  filling  silo. 

*303.  Corn  harvesting  machinery. 

*313.  Harvesting  and  storing  of  corn. 

578.  The  making  and  feeding  of  silage. 
589.  Home-made  silos. 

855.  Home-made  silos. 

*992.  The  use  of  machinery  in  cutting  corn. 


Cir.  53,  Kan.  Filling  silos. 

Cir.  71,  Mo.  Shock  corn  for  silage. 

Bui.  113,  111.  Shrinkage  of  ear  corn  in  cribs. 

Bui.  214,  Wis.  Concrete  silo  contsruction. 

*Bul.  141,  Iowa.  Modern  silo  construction. 

*Bul.  101,  Okla.  Silos  in  Oklahoma. 

Bui.  696,  U.  S.  Dept.  Geographical  phases  of  farm  prices. 
Bui.  708,  U.  S.  Dept.  Shuck  protection  for  ear  corn. 


Suggested  Class  Reports 

The  formation  of  acid  in  ensilage.  Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops, 
85-89. 

Laboratory  and  Illustrative  Materials 

Photographs  of  various  machines  in  operation'. 

Samples  of  different  silo  construction  materials. 

Samples  for  moisture  test. 


Field  Trips 

9 — Securing  data  and  making  observation  on  corn  binder  or  shocker  and 
on  silo  filling,  silo  cutter,  etc.,  if  convenient,  should  be  planned. 


14 


OCTOBER  10— NOVEMBER  1 


Subject  Matter 

1 — Botanical  consideration  of  plants. 

Germination.  GMJ  (Goff,  Moore,  and  Jones’s  Principles  of 
plant  culture),  14-24. 

The  plantlet.  GMJ  24-34. 

The  growing  plant.  GMJ  34-57. 

The  root  and  the  soil.  GMJ  58-75;  Duggar’s  Plant  physiology, 
41-51. 

Leaves,  buds,  and  flowers.  GMJ  75-96. 

The  fruit  and  seed.  GMJ  96-104. 

2.  Botanical  study  of  the 

wheat  plant.  Liv  99-113. 
oat  plant.  W&W  163-168;  Liv  145-150. 
barley  plant.  W&W  197-201;  Liv  164-168. 
rye  plant.  W&W  217-218;  Liv  177-178. 

Briefly  consider  plant  structure  as  compared  with 


cereal  plants. 


3 — Corn.  W&W  45-51;  Liv  29-51;  Bowman’s  Corn,  36-71  (especially 
40-47). 


Other  Literature  and  References 

Hunt’s  Cereals  in  America,  26-38;  47-68. 

Davis’s  Productive  plant  husbandry,  14-16. 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  41-54;  109-120;  141-154;  178-184; 

189-191;  309-315;  369-374. 

Bui.  218,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  School  garden. 

Bui.  148,  Neb.  Handbook  of  Nebraska  grasses. 

Harris  and  Stewart’s  Principles  of  agronomy,  9-63. 

Davis’s  Productive  plant  husbandry,  149;  153-158.  (Excellent  for  the  il- 
illustrations  on  grasses) . 

Corn.  187-204  (especially  187-190) . 

Wheat.  205-211. 

Bui.  157,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  The  propagation  of  plants. 


Class  Reports 

Water  requirements  for  crops.  Duggar’s  Plant  physiology,  116-122. 

Corn  pollination.  Davis’s  Productive  plant  husbandry,  Figs.  7 and  9;  14-16. 
Corn  breeding.  Davis,  37-39. 

Experiment  to  show  amount  of  water  transpired.  Duggar’s  Plant  physiol- 
ogy, 110.  c 


15 


Illustrative  and  Laboratory  Materials 

Pressed  specimens  of  all  plants  considered. 

Liquid  preservatives  at  bloom  stage. 

Heads  of  wheat  and  its  classes. 

Stalks  of  all  types  of  barley,  oats,  etc. 

Few  potted  plants  like  tradescantia,  coleus,  etc. 

Growing  plants  of  corn,  wheat,  beans,  clover,  etc. 

Different  stages  of  sprouted  corn,  beans,  wheat,  pumpkin,  clover,  and  other 
seeds. 

A few  flowers  illustrating  perfect,  monoecious,  and  dioecious  flowers. 

Ears  of  corn  selected  at  kernel  forming  stage  and  liquid-preserved.  (See 
Davis’s  Productive  plant  husbandry,  14-16.) 

Plants  with  seeds  attached  to  show  variations. 

Field  Trips 

None  necessary. 


NOVEMBER  1— NOVEMBER  22 

Subject  Matter 

Classification  of  corn.  W&W  47-51;  Liv  41-50. 

Importance.  W&W  51-55;  Liv  54-57. 

Soils  and  fertilizers.  W&W  55-59;  Liv  57. 

Place  in  the  rotation.  W&W  93-97 ; Liv  14-28 
Diseases  and  insect  enemies.  W&W  109-114;  Liv  93-98. 

Uses  of  corn.  W&W  107-109;  Liv  50-54. 

Improvement.  W&W  114-119;  Liv  82-92. 

Marketing  and  shrinkage.  W&W  88-93;  Montgomery,  491-494. 
Judging  and  scoring  corn. 

Review  of  weeds  and  weed  seeds  common  to  corn  fields. 

Other  Literature  and  References 

Hunt’s  Cereals  in  America.  43-48;  89-90;  91-92;  95-104. 

Bowman’s  Corn,  11-24;  36-37;  72-95;  216-250;  250-297;  402-419;  443-446. 
Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  55-60;  67-80;  89-95. 

Davis’s  Productive  plant  husbandry,  187-204;  37-39. 

Ohio  Experiment  Station  Publications 


*Cir.  53. 

Experiments  with  corn. 

Cir.  66. 

Corn  breeding  and  registration. 

Bui.  96. 

The  corn  worm. 

*Cir.  117. 

Varieties  of  corn  in  Ohio. 

*Bul.  140. 

The  corn  crop. 

Bui.  212. 

Judging  corn. 

Bui.  265. 

The  cob-rot  of  corn. 

*Bul.  266. 

Labor  cost  of  producing  corn  in  Ohio. 

Bui.  282. 

Corn  experiments. 

16 


U.  S.  Farmers’  Bulletins 
174.  Broom  corn. 

253.  The  germination  of  seed  corn. 

*298.  Food  value  of  corn  and  corn  products. 

330.  Sorghums. 

331.  Broom  corn. 

340.  Broom  corn. 

400.  A more  profitable  corn  planting  method. 

*409.  School  lessons  in  corn. 

*414.  Corn  cultivation. 

537.  How  to  grow  an  acre  of  corn. 

*614.  A corn  belt  farming  system  which  saves  harvest  labor  by  hog- 
ging down  the  crop. 

*617.  School  lessons  on  corn. 

634.  The  larger  corn  stalk-borer. 

*657.  The  chinch  bug. 

733.  The  corn  and  cotton  wire  worm. 

739.  Cutworms  and  their  control. 

768.  Dwarf  broom  corns. 

872.  The  corn  ear  worm. 

948.  Ragdoll  seed  tester. 

958.  Standard  broom  corn. 

1025.  The  larger  corn  stalk-borer. 


U.  S.  Departmental  Publications 

Bui.  48.  Shrinkage  of  shelled  corn  while  in  cars  in  transit. 

Cir.  58.  Important  apparatus  for  making  acidity  determinations  of 
corn. 

Bui.  102.  Acidity  as  a factor  in  determining  soundness. 

Bui.  320.  Farm  practices  in  cultivating  corn. 

Bui.  515.  Corn,  yield  per  acre,  and  prices,  by  states  for  50  years. 


Indiana  Publications 

*Bul.  110.  Corn  improvement. 

*Cir.  18.  Corn  shows,  selecting,  preparing,  and  scoring  exhibits. 


Illinois  Publications 

Bui.  100.  Directions  for  breeding  of  corn;  prevention  of  inbreeding. 
*Bul.  126.  Distance  between  hills  of  corn. 

Bui.  128.  Ten  generations  of  corn  breeding. 

Bui.  130.  Experiments  with  repellents  for  corn  root  aphis. 

Bui.  133.  Ear  rot  of  corn. 

Cir.  165.  Shall  we  use  complete  fertilizer  on  corn. 


17 


3 F’CH 


Iowa  Publications 

Cir.  21.  Corn  stalk  and  root  diseases. 

*Cir.  23.  Common  corn  insects. 

Press  Bui.  25.  Corn  testers  and  testing. 

Bui.  138.  Silver  King,  a corn  for  northern  Iowa. 


Ext.  Bui.  3,  Neb.  Germination  test  for  seed  corn. 

Cir.  of  Inf.  8,  Wis.  Corn  judging. 

Sp.  Bui.  47,  Mich.  Corn  improvement. 

Bui.  87,  Mo.  Cooperative  variety  tests  of  corn. 

Bui.  139,  Pa.  Experiments  with  corn. 

Bui.  143,  Mo.  Variety  tests  of  corn. 

Bui.  149,  Minn.  Relation  of  cultivation  to  yield  and  the  number  of  stalks 
per  hill  to  same. 

Bui.  190,  Md.  Tests  of  varieties  of  corn. 

Bui.  93,  99,  119,  198,  Kan.  Kaffir. 

Bui.  218,  Bu.  of  Plant  Ind.  Cross  breeding  of  corn. 

Bui.  107,  Mont.  Corn,  history,  characteristics,  and  adaptation. 


Literature  and  Refernces  for  Weed  Study 

Pammel’s  Weeds  of  the  farm  and  garden,  135-254. 

Georgia’s  Manual  of  weeds. 

Bui.  129,  Minn.  Series  I,  Minnesota  weeds. 

Bui.  139,  Minn.  Series  II,  Minnesota  weeds. 

*Bul.  260,  Mich.  Michigan  weeds  (Seeds). 

*Bul.  267,  Mich.  Michigan  weeds  (Plants). 

*Bul.  175,  Ohio.  A second  Ohio  weed  manual. 

*Bul.  155,  Md.  Maryland  weeds  and  other  harmful  plants. 

Bui.  133,  R.  I.  Weeds,  eradication,  and  control. 

Bui.  150,  S.  Dak.  Weeds. 

*Bul.  368,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Eradication  of  bind  weed  or  wild  morning 
glory. 

Bui.  610,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Wild  onions;  their  eradication. 

Bui.  183,  Ky.  Some  Kentucky  weeds  and  poisonous  plants. 

Bui.  988,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Larkspur  or  “poison  weed.” 


18 


Class  Reports 

Commercial  corn  products.  Bowman’s  Corn,  332-344. 

The  way  the  corn  kernel  develops.  Bowman’s  Corn,  55-59. 

Corn  insects: 

The  stalk  borer.  Sanderson’s  Insect  pests  of  farm  and  garden, 
157-170. 

The  ear  worm.  Sanderson,  172-175.  Also  Bowman’s  Corn,  258-259. 
Corn  ear  rots.  Stevens  and  Hall’s  Diseases  of  economic  plants,  335- 
339. 

Etc. 

Shrinkage  of  corn.  Bowman’s  Corn,  207-211. 

Grain  inspection  at  a terminal  market.  Bowman’s  Corn,  281-290. 

Corn  judging.  Bowman’s  Corn,  406-419;  Davis’s  Productive  plant  hus- 
bandry, 199-203. 

How  to  conduct  breeding  plots.  Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops, 
95-100. 

Desirable  shape  of  kernels.  Montgomery,  100-101. 


Illustrative  and  Laboratory  Materials 
10-50  common  weed  plants  mounted. 

Set  of  100  weed  seeds  for  laboratory  and  identification  work. 

Commercial  samples  of  timothy,  clover,  alfalfa,  etc.,  for  adulteration 
studies. 

Types  of  corn — dent,  flint,  etc. 

Exhibit  showing  proportion  of  grain  to  cob. 

Card  exhibit  showing  poor  and  properly  shaped  kernels. 

Riker  mounts  of  life  cycle  of  insects  attacking  corn. 

Photographs  of  several  prize  winning  10-ear  samples  of  corn. 

By-products  of  corn  manufacturing  processes. 


19 


NOVEMBER  22— DECEMBER  13 


Subject  Matter 

Sugar  cane.  W&W  431-436;  Liv  229-232. 

Sugar  beets.  W&W  426-431 ; Liv  324-329. 

Potatoes.  W&W  399-419;  Liv  358-369. 

Melons,  tobacco,  tomatoes,  cabbage,  peas,  and  other  special  crops,  if 
grown  as  field  crops  in  the  community,  should  be  briefly  considered 
during  this  period  and  given  later  final  consideration  during  the  period 
April  23-May  14. 

Some  laboratory  time  may  be  devoted  to  finishing  weed  seed  identifica- 
tion work. 

Other  Literature  and  References 

*856,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Control  of  diseases  and  insect  enemies  of  home 
vegetable  garden. 

*879,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Home  storage  of  vegetables. 

460,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Frames  as  a factor  in  truck  growing. 


Sugar  cane 

Piper’s  Forage  plants,  247-250. 

Bui.  118,  Fla.  Sugar  cane  and  syrup  making. 

Bui.  473,  U.  S.  Dept.  Production  of  sugar  in  U.  S. 
Bui.  195,  Tex.  Japanese  sugar  cane  as  a forage  crop. 


Sugar  beets 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  450-454. 

Bui.  75,  Nev.  The  sugar  beet  industry. 

Bui.  106,  S.  Dak.  The  sugar  beet. 

Bui.  117,  S.  Dak.  Growing  pedigreed  sugar  beets. 

Bui.  127,  S.  Dak.  Sugar  beets. 

Bui.  129,  S.  Dak.  Growing  sugar  beets. 

Bui.  142,  S.  Dak.  Sugar  beet  experiments. 

Bui.  568,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Sugar  beet  growing. 

Bui.  618,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Leaf  spot  of  sugar  beets. 

Bui.  691,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Grasshoppers  and  their  control  on  beets. 
*Bul.  721,  U.  S.  Dept.  The  sugar  beet  industry  in  the  U.  S. 


20 


Potatoes 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  255-287. 
Fraser’s  Potato,  51-69;  70-90;  99-104;  128-146. 


Ohio  Publications 

*Bul.  218.  Status  of  potato  growing. 
*Bul.  229.  Fusarium  blight  and  dry  rot. 
*Bul.  317.  Pink  and  green  aphids. 

*Bul.  319.  Ohio  potato  diseases. 


U.  S.  Farmers’  Bulletins 

295.  Potatoes  and  other  root  crops  as  food. 

*365.  Farm  management  in  northern  potato  sections. 

*407.  Potatoes  as  a truck  crop. 

410.  Culls  as  a source  of  industrial  alcohol. 

533.  Good  seed  potatoes  and  how  to  produce  them. 

*753.  Commercial  handling,  grading,  and  marketing  of  potatoes. 
*847.  Potato  storage  and  storage  houses. 

970.  Sweet  potato  storage. 

*999.  Sweet  potato  growing. 

*1064.  Production  of  late  potatoes. 


Bui.  62,  Wash.  Potato  growing  in  Washington. 

Bui.  90,  N.  Dak.  Potato  culture. 

Bui.  140,  W.  Va.  Potato  culture. 

*Bul.  155, Iowa.  Potato  insects. 

Bui.  216,  Colo.  Studies  on  the  health  of  potatoes. 

Bui.  294,  N.  J.  Farm  profits  on  370  potato  farms. 

Bui.  422,  N.  Y.  (Geneva).  Degenerate  potato  strains,  (Good  illustra- 
tions) . 

Bui.  79,  Idaho.  Potato  culture. 

Bui.  256,  Wis.  Marketing  Wisconsin  potatoes. 

Cir.  71,  Ind.  Potato  diseases. 

Sp.  Bui.  85,  Mich.  Potato  diseases. 

*Bul.  171,  Iowa.  Bordeau  for  tip  burn  and  early  blight. 

Bui.  695,  U.  S.  Dept.  Potatoes,  acreage,  production,  etc. 

Bui.  427,  U.  S.  Dept.  Potato  tuber. 

Bui.  140,  Penn.  Potato  diseases. 

*Bul.  280,  Wis.  Growing  potatoes  in  Wisconsin. 

Bui.  165,  W.  Va.  Potato  and  tomato  diseases. 

Bui.  784,  U.  S.  Dept.  Lessons  on  potatoes  for  elementary  rural  schools. 


21 


Potato  references  or  reports 

History  of  the  potato.  Fraser’s  Potato,  1-7. 

Potato  soils.  Fraser,  17-25. 

Storage  of  potatoes.  Fraser,  147-152. 

A good  outline  for  describing  potatoes.  Montgomery’s  Productive 
farm  crops,  285. 

Fertilizer  for  potatoes.  Montgomery,  267-270;  Fraser,  30-50. 

Hill  selection  of  potatoes.  Bui.  94,  Potato  investigations,  Wash- 
ington Exp.  Sta.;  see  figs.  23  and  24,  Davis’s  Productive  plant 
husbandry. 

The  Colorado  potato  beetle.  Sanderson’s  Insect  pests  of  farm 
and  garden,  291-296. 

Late  blight,  scab,  stem  rot,  early  blight,  little  potato,  fusanose 
wilt,  bacillose  wilt,  black  leg,  etc.  Stevens  and  Hall’s  Diseases 
of  economic  plants,  263-285. 

Melons 

Lloyd’s  Vegetable  gardening,  216-235. 

Bui.  135,  Ind.  Growing  better  gems. 

Bui.  124,  111.  Marketing  the  muskmelons. 

Cir.  139,  111.  How  to  grow  muskmelons. 

Bui.  123,  Ind.  Commercial  melon  growing. 

Bui.  174,  111.  An  efficient  and  practical  method  of  controlling  melon 
lice. 

Bui.  707,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Grading,  packing,  and  shipping  cantaloupes. 


Tobacco 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  458-481. 

*Cir.  156,  Ohio.  How  to  disinfect  tobacco  plant  beds  from  root  rot 
fungus. 

Bui.  150,  Minn.  Tobacco  growing. 

Bui.  166,  Conn.  Management  of  tobacco  seed  beds. 

Bui.  180,  Conn.  Studies  on  the  tobacco  crop. 

Bui.  205,  206,  Va.  Polytec.  Tobacco. 

Bui.  523,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Tobacco  curing. 

*Bul.  571,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Tobacco  culture. 

Bui.  595,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Arsenate  of  lead  as  an  insecticide  against 
hornworms. 

Bui.  152,  W.  Va.  White  Burley  tobacco. 

*Bul.  996,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Steam  sterilization  of  tobacco  seed  beds. 


Tomatoes 

Lloyd’s  Vegetable  gardening,  244-251. 

Bui.  144,  111.  Growing  tomatoes  for  the  early  market. 
*Bul.  321,  Ohio.  Tomato  diseases  in  Ohio. 

Bui.  142,  W.  Va.  Fertilizer  experiments  with  tomatoes. 
Bui.  153,  S.  Car.  Varieties  and  diseases  of  tomatoes. 
*Bul.  163,  Ohio.  Forcing  tomatoes. 


22 


Cabbage 

Lloyd’s  Vegetable  gardening,  117-120;  124-128. 

Cir.  226,  111.  Control  of  cabbage  worms. 

*Bul.  228,  Ohio.  Two  recent  important  cabbage  diseases. 

Bui.  119,  Pa.  Strain  tests  of  cabbage. 

*Bul.  252,  Ohio.  Early  cabbage. 

Bui.  300,  N.  Y.  (Cornell).  The  cabbage  aphis. 

*Bul.  190,  Conn.  Insects  attacking  cabbage. 

Bui.  433,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Cabbage. 

*Bul.  488,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Diseases  of  cabbage. 

Res.  Bui.  38,  Wis.  Control  of  cabbage  yellows  through  disease  re- 
sistance. 

:!:Bul.  925,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Cabbage  diseases. 


Onions 

Lloyd’s  Vegetable  gardening,  162-181. 

Cir.  173,  111.  Onion  culture. 

Sp.  Bui.  67,  Mich.  Onion  culture  on  muck  lands. 
*Cir.  57,  Ind.  Commercial  onion  growing. 

Bui.  195,  Md.  Onions. 


Class  Reports 

Naturally  these  must  be  varied  to  meet  the  particular  needs  of  the  com- 
munity, and  by  a liberal  use  of  the  literature  here  cited  and  by  supple- 
menting this  with  reports  from  Green’s  Vegetable  Gardening  and  from 
Lloyd’s  Productive  Vegetable  Gardening,  very  satisfactory  work  can  be 
accomplished. 

Laboratory  and  Illustrative  Materials 

Liquid  preservatives  of  all  diseases,  such  as  scab,  dry  rot,  etc.,  of  potatoes ; 
and  similarly  of  any  other  crop  that  has  special  importance  in  the  com- 
munity. 

Potatoes  for  scoring. 

Life  cycle  of  insects  in  riker  mounts,  etc. 

Sugar  cane  stalks  and  seed. 

Samples  of  sugar  at  various  stages  of  manufacture. 

Insecticides  and  fungicides. 

Lantern  slides. 

Varieties  of  potatoes  common  to  community. 

(No  attempt  will  be  made  to  list  illustrative  materials  for  each 
crop,  as  these  special  problems  in  each  case  can  best  be  solved 
by  the  instructor  on  the  job) . 

Field  Trips 

No  field  trips  necessary,  unless  it  is  possible  to  visit  potato  storage  cellars, 
sugar  beet  factory,  or  local  canning  plant. 


23 


DECEMBER  13— DECEMBER  20 

Subject  Matter 
Review — 

Not  only  does  this  period  afford  an  excellent  time  for  a review  of 
the  work  covered  to  this  time,  but  it  gives  additional  flexibility 
to  the  outline,  thus  permitting  the  instructor  to  lengthen 
slightly  the  time  on  some  topics. 


DECEMBER  20— JANUARY  1 
Christmas  vacation. 


JANUARY  1— JANUARY  22 

Subject  Matter 

Grasses.  W&W  287-290. 

Meadows.  W&W  260-270;  Voorhees  312-323  ) T • o7n  oon 
Pastures.  W&W  281-286;  Voorhees  323-328  J 
Timothy.  W&W  291-296;  Liv  194-201. 

Bluegrass.  W&W  296-301 ; Liv  201-206. 

Redtop.  W&W  301-303;  Liv  206-209. 

Rye  grass,  orchard  grass,  Bermuda  grass,  Johnson  grass,  fescues, 
Sudan  grass,  brome  grass,  rape,  etc.  W&W  303-314;  396-398; 
Liv  210-220;  333-336. 

Weed  and  grass  seed  identification.  (Laboratory  work). 

Hay  and  hay-making.  W&W  271-280. 

Other  Literature  and  References 

Seeds  and  seeding.  Piper’s  Forage  plants,  67-91. 

Mixtures  for  meadows.  Voorhees,  197-199;  Piper,  92-97. 

Grass  mixtures.  Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  317-337. 
Characteristics  of  grasses.  Montgomery,  309-315. 

Fertilizer  of  pastures.  Montgomery,  338-342;  Piper,  97-102. 

Temporary  pasture  crops.  Piper,  109-112. 


*Bul.  225,  Ohio.  The  farm  grasses  of  Ohio. 

Bui.  87,  Wvo.  Wyoming  forage  plants. 

*Bul.  148,  Neb.  Handbook  of  Nebraska  grasses. 

Bui.  172,  Miss.  Forage  crops. 

Cir.  15,  Utah.  Pasture  and  pasture  grasses. 

Cir.  39,  Iowa.  Hay  and  pasture  seedings. 

Cir.  43,  N.  J.  Meadows  and  pastures. 

Cir.  68,  Mo.  Seeding  of  meadows  and  pastures. 

Cir.  35,  Ind.  Supplementary  pasture  crops. 

Bui.  509,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Forage  crops  for  the  South. 


24 


Fig.  3 — The  successful  teaching  of  Farm  Crops  requires  an  abun- 
dance and  a variety  of  visualized  helps.  (Grove  City  High 
School,  H.  W.  Nisonger,  Teacher.) 


Bui.  353,  U.  S.  Dept.  Moisture  content  and  shrinkage  of  forage. 

*Bul.  508,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Market  hay. 

Bui.  362,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Conditions  affecting  the  value  of  market  hay. 
*Bul.  977,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Hay  caps. 

Bui.  956,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Curing  hay  on  trucks. 

*Bul.  987,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Labor  saving  devices  in  hay  making. 

*Bul.  1049,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Baling  hay. 

Cir.  67,  U.  S.  Office  of  Farm  Mgmt.  Measuring  hay  in  ricks  or  stacks. 
Bui.  677,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Growing  hay  in  the  South. 


Timothy 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  343-350. 

Piper’s  Forage  plants,  122-153. 

Bui.  381,  N.  Y.  (Cornell).  Leaf  smut  of  timothy. 

*Bul.  990,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Timothy. 

Bui.  313,  N.  Y.  (Cornell).  New  and  improved  varieties  of  timothy. 
Res.  Bui.  19  and  20,  N.  Y.  (Cornell).  Studies  on  the  timothy  plant, 
I and  II. 


Bluegrass 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  353-356. 

Piper’s  Forage  plants,  154-167. 

*Bul.  402,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Canadian  bluegrass. 

Bui.  204,  Va.  Polytec.  Management  of  bluegrass  pastures. 
Bui.  222,  Ohio.  Mineral  nutrients  in  bluegrass. 

Bui.  198,  Ky.  Curing  of  bluegrass  seed. 


Redtop 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  349-350. 

Piper’s  Forage  plants,  170-175. 

Cir.  43,  U.  S.  Dept.  Redtop. 

Bermuda,  brome,  Johnson,  etc. 

Voorhees’s  Forage  crops,  328-343. 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  364-366;  360-364-367. 
Piper’s  Forage  plants. 

Orchard  grass,  176-189. 

Brome  grass,  195-203. 

Meadow  fescue,  204-211. 

Bermuda  grass,  237-247. 

Bui.  90,  Okla.  A study  of  Bermuda  grass. 


26 


Bui.  141,  Kan.  Brome  grass;  Kentucky  and  English  bluegrass; 

adulterants  and  substitutes. 

Bui.  361,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Meadow  fescue. 

Bui.  172,  Tex.  Sudan  grass. 

*Bul.  605,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Sudan  grass  as  a forage  crop. 

Bui.  406,  U.  S.  Dept.  Distinguishing  character  of  Sudan  and  Johnson 
grass  seeds. 

Bui.  194,  Md.  Sudan  grass. 

Bui.  945,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Eradication  of  Bermuda  grass. 

Bui.  814,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Bermuda  grass. 

Cir.  44,  U.  S.  Dept.  Italian  rye  grass. 


Rape 

Voorhees’s  Forage  crops,  292-301. 


Class  Reports 

The  importance  of  the  laboratory  work,  i.  e.,  comparison,  separation,  and 
identification  of  various  grasses  and  weeds  commonly  found  in  them,  and 
the  shortness  of  time  allotted  to  the  consideration  of  these  crops,  will 
make  it  necessary  that  the  class  reports  be  reduced  to  a minimum  and 
confined  to  either  farm  paper  topics  or  subjects  suggested  by  the  bulle- 
tins listed. 

Laboratory  and  Illustrative  Materials 

Plant,  head,  and  seed  samples  of  each  forage  plant  studied. 

Mixtures  of  grasses  for  pastures,  behind  glass. 

Commercial  samples  of  bluegrass,  timothy,  Sudan  grass,  etc.,  for  analysis 
work. 

Glass  mounts  showing  common  weeds  and  adulterants  for  each  important 
forage  crop. 

Chart  showing  seed  distribution  per  square  foot  at  different  rates  of 
seeding. 

Weed  plants  common  to  meadows  and  pastures. 

Laboratory  samples  of  weeds  common  to  these  crops. 

Photographs. 


Field  Trips 

During  some  trip  in  the  spring  the  weeds  in  meadows  and  permanent  pas- 
tures, general  condition,  mixtures,  fertilizer  effects,  etc.,  can  be  observed. 
At  this  time  of  year  a field  trip  would  not  be  advisable  except  with  the 
most  favorable  weather  and  ground  conditions. 


27 


JANUARY  22— FEBRUARY  12 

(May  be  shortened  in  northern  sections  to  give  more  time  to  oats 
and  barley.  In  sections  where  tobacco,  tomatoes,  cabbage,  and 
other  similar  crops  are  grown  that  require  hotbeds  and  cold- 
frames,  this  period  should  be  shortened  to  January  22-February 
5 and  the  remaining  time,  February  5-February  12,  spent  on 
considering  construction  and  use  of  hotbeds  and  coldframes, 
preparatory  to  more  complete  work  in  period  April  23-May  14.) 

Subject  Matter 

Sorghums,  kaffir,  broom  corn,  buckwheat,  millets,  rice  and  fiber  crops 
(cotton,  hemp,  flax,  jute,  etc.).  W&W  303-314;  Liv  210-220. 
Individual  ear  testing  of  corn. 

Shelling  and  grading  corn. 

Other  Literature  and  References 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops. 

Piper’s  Forage  plants,  285-298. 

Sp.  Bui.  2,  Mich.  Millet. 

Cir.  81,  Ohio.  Millet. 

Bui.  135,  S.  Dak.  Millet  and  sorghum  for  grain  and  hay. 

Bui.  242.  Colo.  Millet  smuts  and  their  control. 

Cir.  49,  Iowa.  Broom  corn  production. 

Bui.  958,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Standard  broom  corn  production. 

Bui.  972,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  How  to  use  sorghum  grain. 

Bui.  477,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Sorghum  syrup  manufacture. 

Bui.  102,  Okla.  The  grain  sorghums. 

Cir.  1,  N.  Dak.  Flax  cropping. 

Bui.  322,  U.  S.  Dept.  Utilization  of  American  flax  straw  in  the  paper  and 
fiber-board  industry. 

Bui.  669,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Fiber  flax. 

Bui.  552,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Kaffir  as  a grain  crop. 

Bui.  417,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Rice  culture. 

Bui.  688,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Culture  of  rice  in  California. 

Bui.  570,  U.  S.  Dept.  By-products  of  rice  milling. 

Bui.  293,  Wis.  Wisconsin  hemp  industry. 

Bui.  802,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Classification  of  American  upland  cotton. 

Other  literature  listed  under  corn. 


Class  Reports 

Should  be  selected  from  bulletins  listed,  though  this  subject  matter  is  not 
of  sufficient  importance  to  permit  of  much  more  than  one  week  of  class 
time. 

Illustrative  and  Laboratory  Materials 

Heads  of  plants  of  the  more  important  sorghums,  kaffirs,  millets,  etc. 

Field  Trips 

None  necessary. 


28 


Fig.  4— Neat,  durable,  and  of  local  importance.  (Grove  City  High  School,  H.  W.  Nisonger,  Teacher. 


FEBRUARY  5— FEBRUARY  12 


Subject  Matter 

Hotbeds  and  coldframes. 

Other  Literature  and  References 

Lloyd’s  Vegetable  growing,  58-64;  66-69. 

Davis’s  Horticulture,  81-88. 

Bui.  460,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Frames  as  a factor  in  truck  growing. 
*Bul.  163,  Ohio.  Forcing  tomatoes. 

*Bul.  996,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Steam  sterilization  of  tobacco  seed  beds. 
Cir.  13,  W.  Va.  Use  of  hotbeds  and  coldframes  on  the  farm. 

Cir.  77,  Ind.  Hotbeds  for  home  gardens. 


FEBRUARY  12— MARCH  12 

Subject  Matter 

Planting  the  orchard:  location,  slope,  soil,  drainage,  planting,  and  selec- 
tion of  varieties  of  apples  for  Ohio. 

Sears’s  Productive  orcharding,  8-15;  24-33;  38-63. 

Bailey’s  Principles  of  fruit  growing,  38-84;  164-226. 

*Bul.  262,  Mich.  Suggestions  on  planting  orchards. 

*Bul.  217,  Ohio.  Apple  culture  in  Ohio. 

Cir.  17,  Ind.  The  farmer’s  orchard.  (1-29). 

Cir.  30,  Ind.  Commercial  apple  growing. 

Bui.  290,  Ohio.  Varieties  of  apples  for  Ohio. 

*Bul.  269,  Pa.  Managing  the  orchard. 


Orchard  management 

1.  Diseases  and  insects  and  their  control. 

Sears’s  Productive  orcharding,  142-157;  163-171. 

*Cir.  70,  Ind.  Apple  diseases  in  Indiana. 

*Bul.  662,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  The  apple  tree  tent  caterpillar. 
Bui.  98,  111.  The  curculio  and  the  apple. 

Bui.  Ill,  Iowa.  The  apple  leaf  hopper. 

Bui.  71,  Conn.  Some  apple  insects  of  Connecticut. 

Bui.  160,  Ohio.  The  codling  moth. 

Bui.  333,  Ohio.  Apple  blotch. 

Bui.  938,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Apple  bitter  rot  and  its  control. 


30 


2.  Pruning,  renovating,  grafting,  etc. 

Sears’s  Productive  orcharding,  119-141;  212-228. 

Bailey’s  Principles  of  fruit  growing,  230-241. 

*Cir.  17,  Ind.  The  farmer’s  orchard. 

*Cir.  30,  Ind.  Commercial  apple  growing. 

Cir.  9,  Utah.  Pruning  the  apple  orchard. 

Bui.  180,  Ohio.  Renewal  of  old  orchards. 

Bui.  224,  Ohio.  The  rejuvenation  of  old  orchards.  S.  E. 
Bui.  240,  Ohio.  The  rejuvenation  of  old  orchards. 


3.  Sprays,  spraying,  and  spray  machinery. 

Sears’s  Productive  orcharding,  175-210. 

O’Kane’s  Injurious  insects,  63-88;  92-104. 

*Cir.  21,  Ind.  Spraying  the  orchard. 

*Cir.  30,  Ind.  Commercial  apple  growing. 

Cir.  149,  Ohio.  Spraying  program  for  orchards. 

Bui.  127,  Iowa.  Spraying  practices  for  orchard  and  garden. 
Bui.  135,  111.  Bordeaux  mixture. 

*Bul.  908,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Insecticides,  spraying  apparatus,  and 
important  insect  pests. 


4.  Cultivation,  fertilizing,  and  use  of  cover  crops. 

Sears’s  Productive  orcharding,  77-118. 

*Bul.  141,  Pa.  Cultural  methods  in  bearing  orchards. 
Bui.  153,  Pa.  The  fertilization  of  apple  orchards. 


5.  Picking,  grading,  storing,  and  marketing. 

(This  portion  of  the  horticultural  work  might  well  be  moved 
forward  immediately  to  follow  the  period  on  harvesting  corn, 
October  10,  or  the  period  on  botanical  consideration  of  plants, 
November  1,  to  suit  the  locality.  This  change  is  recom- 
mended the  second  time  Farm  Crops  and  Horticulture  is 
offered.) 

Sears’s  Productive  orcharding,  229-297. 

Bailey’s  Principles  of  fruit  growing,  370-422. 

*Bul.  144,  Md.  Apple  culture.  (242-254) 

*Ext.  Cir.  74,  Pa.  Home  storage  houses  for  fruit. 

Cir.  30,  Ind.  Commercial  apple  growing. 

*Bul.  1080,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Preparation  of  barreled  apples  for 
market. 


31 


Class  Reports 

Orchard  heating.  Bui.  154,  Ind. 

The  thinning  of  fruit.  Bui.  162,  W.  Va.,  Five  years’  investigation  in  apple 
thinning;  Bailey’s  Principles  of  fruit  growing,  241-250. 

Frost,  predictions  and  prevention.  Bailey,  251-273. 

Special  reports  on  important  diseases  or  insects. 

Nursery  inspection  law. 

Protection  from  mice,  rabbits,  etc. 

Use  of  windbreaks. 


Illustrative  and  Laboratory  Materials 

Labeled  mounts  showing  results  of  good  and  bad  pruning  practice. 
Branches  showing  fruit  and  leaf  buds. 

Specimens  showing  common  diseases. 

Life-cycle  mounts  of  insects. 

Commercial  samples  of  spray  materials. 

Photographs  of  spray  pumps. 

Types  of  spray  nozzles. 

Apples  showing  various  diseases.  (Liquid  preserved.) 

Pruning  tools,  good  and  bad. 


Field  Trips 

10 —  Observation  of  location,  site,  drainage,  method  of  planting,  distance 
between  trees,  cultivation  or  care  of  ground,  cover  crops,  etc. 

11 —  Following  second  lesson  on  pruning 

a.  To  study  and  recognize  diseases  and  insects. 

b.  To  examine  and  criticize  previous  pruning. 

c.  To  receive  definite  instructions  on  how  to  prune. 

12 —  Pruning  by  class,  instructor  requiring  reasons  for  all  limbs  removed 
and  directions  of  cuts,  etc. 

13 —  Assigning  three  or  four  boys  to  a tree,  complete  satisfactory  work  on 
entire  tree,  including  painting,  piling  brush,  etc. 

14 —  One  or  two  trips  in  fall  for  picking,  grading,  and  storing  of  fruit  will 
be  necessary  if  period  is  advanced  to  November  1 or  earlier. 


32 


MARCH  12— MARCH  26 


Subject  Matter 

Oats:  importance,  seeding,  harvesting,  etc.  W&W  168-195;  Liv  150-163. 
Barley:  importance,  seeding,  etc.  W&W  201-216;  Liv  168-176. 
(Southern  sections  may  devote  more  time  to  tobacco,  sterilizing  seed  bed, 
preparing  cold  frames,  etc.,  or  to  other  local  crop.) 

Other  Literature  and  References 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  141-188. 

Hunt’s  Cereals  in  America,  280-344. 

Bui.  128,  Iowa.  Some  data  for  oat  growers. 

Bui.  424,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Oats:  Growing  the  crop. 

Bui.  420,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Oats:  Distribution  and  use. 

*Bul.  257,  Ohio.  Oats. 

Bui.  175,  Iowa.  Improving  the  oat  crop. 

Bui.  200,  Md.  Winter  oats,  barley,  etc. 

Bui  148,  Minn.  Barley  investigations. 

*Bul.  968,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Barley:  Cultivation  and  utilization. 

*Bul.  755,  U.  S.  Dept.  Geographical  phases  of  farm  prices:  Oats. 


Class  Reports 

Laboratory  and  Illustrative  Materials 

Diseases  of  oats  and  barley,  riker  mounts. 

Oat  types,  from  botanical  classification  work. 

Types  of  barley  from  botanical  work. 

Glass  mount  showing  variation  in  percent  of  hulls. 

Field  Trips 

15.  As  a review,  one  trip  to  treat  oats  for  smut  and  to  observe  seed  bed 
preparations  may  be  made. 


MARCH  26— APRIL  16 

Subject  Matter 

Legumes.  W&W  327-332;  Liv  239-252. 

Clovers.  W&W  333-350;  Liv  253-277. 

Review  of  weeds  common  to  clover  seed. 

Alfalfa.  W&W  351-366;  Liv  278-293. 

Review  of  common  adulterants  found  in  alfalfa  seed. 

Soybeans,  cowpeas,  vetch,  field  beans  and  peas.  W&W  367-388;  Liv 
294-322. 


33 


Other  Literature  and  References 

Legumes 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops,  375-383. 

Clover 

Montgomery,  398-419. 

Voorhees,  231-252. 

Piper,  361-434. 

Ohio  Publications 

*Cir.  111.  Management  of  clover  in  corn  belt  rotations. 
Bui.  297.  Clover  leaf  tyer. 

Cir.  129.  Sweet  clover. 

*Bul.  244.  Sweet  clover. 


U.  S.  Farmers’  Publications 
*455.  Red  clover. 

676.  Hard  clover  seed. 

971.  Control  of  clover-flower  midge. 

485.  Sweet  clover. 

550.  Crimson  clover. 

579.  Crimson  clover;  utilization. 

646.  Crimson  clover;  seed  production. 

441.  Japan  clover. 

693.  Bur  clover. 

730.  Button  clover. 

820.  Sweet  clover;  utilization. 

836.  Sweet  clover;  harvesting  and  threshing  for  seed. 
797.  Sweet  clover ; growing  the  crop. 


Alfalfa 

Montgomery,  384-396. 

Voorhees,  209-230. 

Piper,  305-360  (omit  337-340). 

Ohio  Publications 

*Cir.  91.  Alfalfa  culture. 

Cir.  113.  Alfalfa  in  Ohio. 

Bui.  247.  Nitrogen  and  mineral  constituents  in  the  alfalfa  plant. 
U.  S.  Farmers’  Bulletins 
339.  Alfalfa. 

495.  Alfalfa  seed  production. 

636.  The  chalcis-fly  in  alfalfa  seed. 

757.  Commercial  varieties  of  alfalfa. 

982.  Control  of  green  clover  worm  in  alfalfa  fields. 

*1021.  Alfalfa  on  corn  belt  farms. 


34 


Other  Publications 

Bui.  191,  Colo.  Alfalfa  seed  production. 

*Bul.  259,  Wis.  Alfalfa  growing. 

Bui.  167,  S.  Dak.  Transplanting  alfalfa. 

*Bul.  271,  Mich.  Alfalfa  growing. 

Ext.  Cir.  46,  Pa.  Alfalfa. 

*Cir.  27,  Ind.  Suggestions  for  beginners  in  alfalfa. 

Cir.  35,  Mont.  The  alfalfa  weevil. 

Bui.  109,  Okla.  Alfalfa  web  worm. 

Bui.  155,  Kan.  Alfalfa. 

*Vol.  XXXV,  No.  138,  Rpt.  Kan.  State  Board  of  Agr.,  Alfalfa  in 
Kansas. 


Soybeans,  cowpeas,  vetch,  peas,  and  beans. 

Montgomery,  420-438. 

Voorhees,  253-273. 

Piper,  456-486;  491-538. 

*Bul.  312,  Ohio.  Soybeans;  their  culture  and  use. 

Cir.  34,  N.  Car.  Soybean  products  and  their  use. 

Bui.  201,  Md.  Soybeans. 

Ext.  Cir.  59,  Pa.  Soybeans. 

*Cir.  132,  Ohio.  Cooperative  tests  with  soybeans. 

*Bul.  973,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Soybean  its  culture  and  use. 
Bui.  289,  Wis.  Soybeans  a crop  worth  growing. 

Bui.  179,  Conn.  Soybeans. 

Bui.  99,  Del.  Soybean  oil. 

*Bul.  886,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Harvesting  soybeans. 

*Bul.  237,  Ohio.  Soybeans  and  cowpeas. 

Bui.  160,  Kan.  Cowpeas. 

Cir.  18,  W.  Va.  Field  beans. 

Bui.  690,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Field  peas  as  a forage  crop. 
Bui.  224, U.  S.  Farmers’.  Canadian  field  peas. 

Cir.  62,  Mont.  Sweet  clover. 

Bui.  962,  U S.  Farmers’.  Velvet  beans. 

Bui.  967,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Purple  vetch. 

Bui.  969,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Horse  beans. 

Cir.  27,  Mich.  Hairy  vetch. 

Bui.  515,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Vetch. 


Class  Reports 

One  or  more  reports  on  trials  in  local  community  on  growing  clover, 
alfalfa,  soybeans,  etc. 


35 


Laboratory  and  Illustrative  Materials 

Roots  of  clover,  alfalfa,  soybeans,  cowpeas,  and  other  legumes,  showing 
nodules  preserved  in  formalin  or  alcohol. 

Pressed  full-size  plants  of  each  variety  common  to  locality. 

Commercial  samples  of  clover  and  alfalfa  seed  for  laboratory  work. 
Commercial  inoculating  cultures. 

Field  Trips 

16 —  (1)  Observe  winter  killing  of  clover. 

(2)  Count  number  of  plants  in  given  area  in  two  or  more  clover  fields. 

(3)  Count  and  identify  weed  plants  in  same  area. 

17 —  Similar  exercise  in  alfalfa  field.  If  in  sour  sections,  add  litmus  test 
or  other  test  for  acidity. 


APRIL  16— APRIL  23 


Subject  Matter 

Preparation  of  the  corn  seed  bed.  W&W  59-67 ; Liv  59-68. 
Planting  and  cultivating.  W&W  67-77;  Liv  71-76. 

Testing  out  planter  plates  for  uniform  drop. 

Other  Literature  and  References 

Bowman’s  Corn,  139-191;  especially  153-159;  159-167;  178-191. 
Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops. 

Bui.  400, U.  S.  Farmers’.  A more  profitable  corn  planting  method. 
*Bul.  414,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Corn  cultivation. 

*Bul.  126,  111.  Distance  between  hills  for  planting  corn. 


Illustrative  and  Laboratory  Materials 

Charts  made  by  students  for  class  reports. 

Styles  of  planter  plates. 

Photographs  of  machinery  to  be  used. 

Class  Reports 

Influence  of  early  and  late  planting  on  yield.  Bowman’s  Corn,  162. 
Relation  of  number  of  stalks  per  hill  to  yield.  Bowman’s  Corn,  165-167. 
Yield  of  corn  from  plantings  at  different  depths.  Bowman,  163. 

Effect  of  thickness  of  planting  on  amount  of  suckers  and  percent  of  nub- 
bins. Bowman,  169. 

Field  Trips 

18 — To  one  boy’s  home  where  field  is  ready  to  plant  to  observe  condition  of 
seed  bed  and  test  out  planter  for  uniform  drop. 


36 


APRIL  23— MAY  14 


Subject  Matter 

(The  classroom  work  for  this  period  will  vary  greatly  with  differ- 
ent sections  of  the  state  and  local  communities.  The  subject 
matter  is  accordingly  divided  into  several  heads,  so  that  some 
one,  or  a combination,  may  be  selected  which  best  fits  local 
needs.) 

A.  Foliage  spray  for  apples. 

B.  Peaches,  pears,  plums,  and  cherries. 

C.  Transplanting,  care,  and  cultivation  of  special  field  crops  such  as 

tomatoes,  cabbage,  tobacco,  melons,  onions,  etc. 

D.  Home  vegetable  garden. 

E.  Seeding,  blocking,  and  care  of  sugar  beets. 

F.  Small  fruits  and  bush  fruits. 

Other  Literature  and  References 

References  to  text  books  and  bulletins  have  already  been  listed  for  part  of 
the  above. 

B.  Peaches,  pears,  plums,  and  cherries. 

Davis’s  Horticulture,  189-192;  203-232. 

Bui.  207,  Md.  Plum  growing  in  Maryland. 

Bui.  212,  Ind.  Plums  and  cherries. 

Bui.  440,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Spraying  peaches  for  control  of  brown- 
rot,  scab,  and  curculio. 

Bui.  226,  N.  J.  Peach  yellows  and  little  peach. 

Bui.  236,  N.  J.  Spraying  experiments  with  peaches. 

Bui.  213,  N.  J.  The  second  season  with  the  peach  orchard. 

Bui.  114,  Iowa.  Plum  varieties. 

*Bul.  159,  Md.  Peach  culture. 

Bui.  219,  N.  J.  The  first  season  with  the  peach  orchard. 

*Bul.  632,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Growing  peaches:  pruning,  thinning,  etc. 
*Bul.  157,  Ohio.  Winter-killing  of  peach  trees. 

*Bul.  917,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Growing  peaches:  sites,  propagation, 
tillage. 

*Bul.  918,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Growing  peaches:  varieties. 

Bui.  482,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  The  pear  and  how  to  grow  it. 


37 


D.  Home  vegetable  garden. 

Davis’s  Horticulture,  61-78;  89-130;  146-156. 

Lloyd’s  Vegetable  gardening,  1-24;  26-28;  35-38;  43-47;  48-57;  70- 
124;  144-160;  193-311. 

*Bul.  937,  U.  S..  Farmers’.  The  farm  garden  in  the  north. 

*Bul.  856,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Control  of  diseases  and  insect  enemies  of 
the  home  vegetable  garden. 

*Bul.  879,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Home  storage  of  vegetables. 

Cir.  17,  N.  Dak.  The  farm  vegetable  garden. 

Ext.  Bui.  4,  Mich.  The  home  vegetable  garden. 

Cir.  80,  Ind.  Home  gardens. 

Bui.  233,  Mich.  Insects  of  the  garden. 

Cir.  154,  111.  Home  vegetable  garden. 

Bui.  837,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Asparagus  beetles  and  their  control. 

Bui.  983,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Bean  and  pea  weevils. 

Bui.  116, Fla.  Lettuce  drop. 

Sp.  Bui.  60,  Mich.  Celery  culture. 

Bui.  829,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Asparagus. 


F.  Small  fruits  and  bush  fruits. 

Lloyd’s  Vegetable  gardening. 

Davis’s  Horticulture. 

*Bul.  1001,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Growing  fruits  for  home  use. 
901,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Everbearing  strawberries. 
236,  Ohio.  Strawberry  notes. 

324,  N.  J.  The  strawberry  weevil. 

248,  Wis.  Strawberry  culture. 


*Bul. 

Bui. 

Bui. 

Bui. 

*Bul. 


979,  U.  S.  Farmers’ 
*Bul.  1027,  U.  S.  Farmers’ 
*Bul.  1028,  U.  S.  Farmers’ 
*Bul.  1043,  U.  S.  Farmers’ 
States. 

887,  U.  S.  Farmers’ 
643,  U.  S.  Farmers’ 


*Bul. 

Bui. 

Bui. 


Preparation  of  strawberries  for  market. 
Strawberry  culture  (Western  U.  S.) 
Strawberry  culture  (Eastern  U.  S.) 
Strawberry  varieties  in  the  United 

Raspberry  culture. 

Blackberry  culture. 

Marketing  berries  and  cherries  by  parcel 


Grape  propagation,  pruning,  and  train- 


The  spur  and  long  cone  systems 


688,  U.  S.  Dept, 
post. 

Bui.  471,  U.  S.  Farmers’, 
ing. 

Bui.  160,  Iowa.  Grape  pruning: 
compared. 

Bui.  207,  Ind.  Gooseberries  and  currants. 

Bui.  804,  U.  S.  Farmers’.  Aphids  injurious  to  currant,  gooseberry, 
and  grape. 

Bui.  1024,  U.  S.  Dept.  Currants  and  gooseberries. 


38 


MAY  14— MAY  21 


Subject  Matter 
Review — 

Not  only  does  this  period  afford  an  excellent  time  for  a review  of 
the  work  covered  to  this  time,  but  it  gives  additional  flexibility 
to  the  outline,  thus  permitting  the  instructor  to  lenghen  slightly 
the  time  on  some  topics.  A special  consideration  of  projects  is 
fitting  at  this  time. 


39 


Fig.  5 — A ventilated,  mouse-proof  case  for  laboratory  materials.  (Edison  High  School,  L.  N.  Geiger,  Teacher) 


SUGGESTIONS  ON  PREPARING  LABORATORY  AND 
ILLUSTRATIVE  MATERIAL 


Recommended  solutions  for  preserving  illustrative  materials  in  liquids  are 
as  follows: 

1 —  One-half  ounce  of  formaldehyde  to  one  gallon  of  water. 

2 —  One  ounce  of  zinc  chloride  to  one  gallon  of  water.  A slight  trace  of 
copper  sulphate  may  be  added  to  the  above  solution,  especially  if  green 
leaves  and  other  vegetable  matter  are  being  preserved. 

3 —  Copper  sulphate,  two  ounces,  in  one  gallon  of  water. 

4 —  For  potatoes,  sweet  corn,  etc.,  two  ounces  of  bisulphide  of  soda  in  one 
gallon  of  water. 

5 —  A solution  that  is  especially  recommended  for  preserving  fruits  and 
similar  material  is  as  follows:  50  cc.  of  formaldehyde,  700  cc.  of  95% 
alcohol,  and  250  cc.  of  water. 


For  mounting  specimens,  such  as  diseased  leaves  and  grains  the  following 
substitute  for  riker  mounts  is  highly  recommended.  Procure  mounting  frames, 
size  5x7,  from  the  A.  I.  Root  Company,  Medina,  Ohio.  Procure  used  photo- 
graphic plates  or  old  negatives,  size  5x7.  Absorbent  cotton,  white  thin  card- 
board, and  black  adhesive  tape  constitute  the  remaining  material  needed.  The 
frame  is  then  cornered,  the  pasteboard  cut  5x7  flush  with  the  outside  of  the 
frame  and  attached  lightly  to  one  face.  A bed  of  cotton  is  then  laid  on  the 
frame  flush  with  the  other  face.  The  pressed  specimen  is  then  laid  on  the  cot- 
ton surface,  a cleaned  photographic  plate  next,  and  then  adhesive  tape  is  used 
to  bind  the  glass,  wooden  frame,  and  pasteboard  background  into  a satisfactory 
mount — neat,  light,  and  serviceable,  at  an  expense  of  not  more  than  three  or 
four  cents  each  if  the  used  photographic  plates  are  available  free  of  charge. 

For  mounting  pressed  weeds,  a background  of  cardboard,  upon  which  the 
pressed  weed  is  fastened,  may  be  used,  and  a front  consisting  of  a border  of 
pasteboard  with  a center  of  celluloid,  the  front  and  back  to  be  bound  with 
adhesive  tape,  clamped,  or  tied,  as  suits  the  choice  of  the  maker.  However,  the 
common  herbarium  form  will  serve  for  most  purposes. 

To  preserve  grains  in  the  head  and  grasses  for  later  use,  cut  them  in  the 
desired  stage  of  growth,  dry  in  a shaded,  well-ventilated  place,  and  arrange  in 
neat  bundles  with  the  stalks  either  naked  or  complete,  depending  upon  the  use 
to  be  made  of  the  material.  Ribbons  tied  over  the  binding  cords  add  to  the  at- 
tractiveness. 

Clippings  from  newspapers,  photographic  prints  from  farm  papers,  and 
similar  material  may  be  made  serviceable  by  pasting  to  light  cardboard  and 
filing  for  use.  Such  an  arrangement  is  inexpensive  and  renders  the  subject 
matter  or  picture  more  usable. 


41 


LIST  OF  BOOKS  FOR  REFERENCE 

Bailey’s  The  principles  of  fruit  growing. 

The  Macmillan  Company. 

Bowman’s  Corn. 

Waterloo  Publishing  Company,  Waterloo,  Iowa. 
Carleton’s  The  small  grains. 

The  Macmillan  Company. 

Davis’s  Horticulture. 

J.  B.  Lippincott  Company. 

Davis’s  Productive  plant  husbandry. 

J.  B.  Lippincott  Company. 

Duggar’s  Plant  physiology. 

The  Macmillan  Company. 

Fraser,  The  potato. 

Orange  Judd  Company. 

Georgia’s  Manual  of  weeds. 

The  Macmillan  Company. 

Goff,  Moore,  and  Jones’  Principles  of  plant  culture. 

The  Macmillan  Company. 

Green’s  Vegetable  gardening. 

Webb  Publishing  Company. 

Harris  and  Stewart’s  Principles  of  agronomy. 

The  Macmillan  Company. 

Hunt,  The  cereals  in  America. 

Orange  Judd  Company. 

Lloyd’s  Productive  vegetable  gardening. 

J.  B.  Lippincott  Company. 

Montgomery’s  Productive  farm  crops. 

J.  B.  Lippincott  Company. 

O’Kane’s  Injurious  insects. 

The  Macmillan  Company. 

Pammel’s  Weeds  of  farm  and  garden. 

Orange  Judd  Company. 

Piper’s  Forage  plants. 

The  Macmillan  Company. 

Sanderson’s  Insect  pests  of  farm  and  garden. 

John  Wiley  and  Sons. 

Sears’s  Productive  orcharding. 

J.  B.  Lippincott  Company. 

Shaw’s  Weeds. 

Webb  Publishing  Company. 

Shutts  and  Weir’s  Agricultural  Arithmetic. 

Webb  Publishing  Company. 

Stevens  and  Hall’s  Diseases  of  economic  plants. 

The  Macmillan  Company. 

Voorhees’s  Forage  crops. 

The  Macmillan  Company. 


42 


AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS 


Alabama  (College),  Auburn. 

Alabama  (Canebrake),  Uniontown. 

Alabama  (Tuskegee),  Tuskegee  Institute. 

Arizona,  Tucson. 

Arkansas,  Fayetteville. 

California,  Berkeley. 

Colorado,  Fort  Collins. 

Connecticut  (State),  New  Haven. 

Connecticut  (Storrs),  Storrs. 

Delaware,  Newark. 

Florida,  Ganesville 
Georgia,  Experiment. 

Idaho,  Moscow. 

Illinois,  Urbana. 

Indiana,  LaFayette. 

Iowa,  Ames. 

Kansas,  Manhattan. 

Kentucky,  Lexington. 

Louisiana  (State),  Baton  Rouge. 

Maine,  Orono. 

Maryland,  College  Park. 

Massachusetts,  Amherst. 

Michigan,  East  Lansing. 

Minnesota,  University  Farm,  St.  Paul. 

Mississippi,  Agricultural  College. 

Missouri  (College),  Columbia. 

Missouri  (Fruit),  Mountain  Grove. 

Montana,  Bozeman. 

Nebraska,  Lincoln. 

Nevada,  Reno. 

New  Hampshire,  Durham. 

New  Jersey  (College),  New  Brunswick. 

New  Jersey  (State),  New  Brunswick. 

New  Mexico,  State  College. 

New  York,  Geneva  (State). 

New  York  (Cornell),  Ithaca. 

North  Carolina,  Raleigh  and  West  Raleigh. 

North  Dakota,  Agricultural  College. 

Ohio,  Wooster. 

Oklahoma,  Stillwater. 

Oregon,  Corvallis. 

Pennsylvania,  State  College. 

Pennsylvania  (Institute  of  Animal  Nutrition),  State  College. 
Rhode  Island,  Kingston. 

South  Carolina,  Clemson  College. 

South  Dakota,  Brookings. 

Tennessee,  Knoxville. 


43 


Texas,  College  Station. 

Utah,  Logan. 

Vermont,  Burlington. 

Virginia  (College),  Blacksburg. 
Virginia  (Truck),  Norfolk. 
Washington,  Pullman. 

West  Virginia,  Morgantown. 
Wisconsin,  Madison. 

Wyoming,  Laramie. 


WAR  24  1932 

UmVEfiSJTV  OF 


44 


ADDITIONAL  MEMORANDA  BY  TEACHER 


